Efficacy of up-front hematopoietic cell transplantation in peripheral t-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS): A National Cancer Database analysis.
Background: Peripheral T cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) is the most common subtype of mature T cell lymphoma in the Western World with inferior survival compared to the B-cell lymphomas. Herein, we studied the impact of up-front hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) on PTCL-NOS survival outcomes.
Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) with PTCL-NOS incident cases from 2004-2015 was used. We compared the outcomes of patients receiving chemotherapy only versus chemotherapy coupled with a consolidative autologous (auto) or an allogeneic (allo) HCT. Those without any form of chemotherapy treatment (n = 1823) were excluded from the analysis.
Results: A total of 5252 PTCL-NOS patients were identified; 4812 received chemotherapy only and 440 received chemotherapy and a HCT (auto-HCT = 410; allo-HCT = 30). HCT recipients were more likely to be younger (median age, 55 vs. 63 years), had lower Charlson/Deyo co-morbidity score, of the white race, had a higher median household income, be treated at an academic facility and had private insurance. IPI and Ann-Arbor stage distribution were not significantly different between the groups. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients, chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy + HCT was 17.2 months, 14.7 months and not reached, respectively.(p< 0.001) The 10-year OS was 15% and 52% for chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy + HCT group, respectively (p< 0.001). There was no significant difference in OS between auto-HCT and allo-HCT patients (p =0.93). After adjusting for baseline characteristics in Cox-regression model, HCT (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.65, p =0.001) was associated with improved OS. IPI-intermediate (HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9, p =0.008) or IPI-high (HR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1-5.8, p< 0.001) were associated with poor OS.
Conclusions: In this large US-based analysis, up-front HCT was an independent prognostic factor associated with improved OS of PTCL-NOS. Efforts to ensure early referral to transplant centers and education on the role of HCT to both our patients and hematologists to optimize the access to HCT are urgently needed.
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